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Renal calculi also known as kidney stones are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys. Often, kidney stones are formed when urine becomes concentrated. Because of concentrated urine, minerals are crystallized and get stuck together. What are the different types of kidney stones? 1. Calcium stones - Most commonly, kidney stones are calcium stones usually in the form of calcium oxalate. Kidney stones can also occur in the form of calcium phosphate 2. Struvite stones - Struvite stones are formed in response to urinary tract infection 3. Uric acid stones - Uric acid stones are formed in case of too much fluid loss like in chronic diarrhea or malabsorption 4. Cystine stones - Cystine stones are formed in case of hereditary disorder cystinuria How are struvite stones formed? Struvite stones are also known as magnesium ammonium phosphate stones. Struvite stones are seen in cases of bacterial infections that produce urease (eg: Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabi...